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Rabu, 03 April 2013

Agenda 21 Chapter 12 MANAGING FRAGILE ECOSYSTEMS: COMBATING DESERTIFICATION AND DROUGHT



Berikut ini disampaikan dokumentasi Agenda 21 Bab 12 tentang Tatakekola Ekosistem yang ringkih, dalam artian melawan perluasan kawasan kering dan kekeringan. Walau perhatian pada umumnya tertuju pada Afrika, namun banyak daerah di benua lain juga terancam kekeringan dan perluasan kawasan kering. Indonesia khususnya, walaupun juga memiliki lahan kritis, lahan kering, namun karena prioritas perhatian lebih tertuju kepada daerah-daerah hutan dan pertanian subur dalam usaha meningkatkan produktivitas, hanya sedikit saja memerhatikan bab 12 Agenda 21 ini, terutama untuk kerja sama internasional.
 
MANAGING FRAGILE ECOSYSTEMS: COMBATING DESERTIFICATION AND DROUGHT

12.1. Fragile ecosystems are important ecosystems, with unique features and resources.
Fragile ecosystems include deserts, semiarid lands, mountains, wetlands, small islands and certain coastal areas. Most of these ecosystems are regional in scope, as they transcend national boundaries. This chapter addresses land resource issues in deserts, as well as arid, semiarid and dry sub-humid areas. Sustainable mountain development is addressed in chapter 13; small islands and coastal areas are discussed  in chapter 17.

12.2. Desertification is land degradation in arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities. Desertification affects about one sixth of the world's population, 70 per cent of all drylands, amounting to 3.6 billion hectares, and one quarter of the total land area of the world. The most obvious impact of desertification, in addition to widespread poverty, is the degradation of 3.3 billion hectares of the total area of rangeland,constituting 73 per cent of the rangeland with a low potential for human and animal carrying capacity; decline in soil fertility and soil structure on about 47 per cent of the dryland areas constituting marginal rainfed cropland; and the degradation of irrigated cropland, amounting to 30 per cent of the dryland areas with a high population density and agricultural potential.