Berikut disampaikan dokumen Agenda 21/1992 Bab 13 mengenai Tatakelola ekosistem yang ringkih, khususnya di kawasan gunung-gunung. Karena gunung-gunung disadari sebagai sumber yang penting bagi air, energi dan bio-diversitas, maka perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Bagi Indonesia yang mempunyai sangat banyak kawasan gunung-gunung bagian ini adalah sungguh penting. Pada Agenda 21/1992 dibahas dua hal, yaitu penjabaran dan penyebaran pengetahuan mengenai ekosistem gunung, dan pemeliharan dan pengembagangan daerah tangkapan air.
Agenda 21 – Chapter 13
MANAGING FRAGILE ECOSYSTEMS:
SUSTAINABLE MOUNTAIN
DEVELOPMENT
13.1. Mountains are an important source of water,
energy and biological diversity. Furthermore, they are a source of such key
resources as minerals, forest products and agricultural products and of
recreation. As a major ecosystem representing the complex and interrelated
ecology of our planet, mountain environments are essential to the survival of
the global ecosystem. Mountain ecosystems are, however, rapidly changing. They
are susceptible to accelerated soil erosion, landslides and rapid loss of
habitat and genetic diversity. On the human side, there is widespread poverty
among mountain inhabitants and loss of indigenous knowledge. As a result, most
global mountain areas are experiencing environmental degradation. Hence, the
proper management of mountain resources and socio-economic development of the
people deserves immediate action.
13.2. About 10 per cent of the world's population
depends on mountain resources. A much larger percentage draws on other mountain
resources, including and especially water. Mountains are a storehouse of
biological diversity and endangered species.
13.3. Two programme areas are included in this chapter
to further elaborate the problem of fragile ecosystems with regard to all
mountains of the world. These are:
a. Generating and strengthening knowledge about the
ecology and sustainable development of mountain ecosystems;
b. Promoting integrated watershed development and
alternative livelihood opportunities.
